Skip to content
OFFER Use code on paid courses at checkout
FREE PREVIEW Week 8 2 lessons

Telugu Basics for AP Exams

Telugu grammar areas that are sometimes asked (sandhi, samasa, synonyms), Telugu Jnanpith winners and key literature facts, and a strategy for language questions.

Lessons in this module

1

Telugu Grammar Basics: Sandhi, Samasa and Words

Lesson • 5 quiz questions

Read notes ↓
2

Telugu Literature Facts and Language Strategy

Lesson • 5 quiz questions

Read notes ↓

Lesson notes

1. Telugu Grammar Basics: Sandhi, Samasa and Words

Some AP exams, especially the village and ward secretariat exams, include Telugu language questions. The usual areas are సంధులు (sandhis), సమాసాలు (compounds), పర్యాయపదాలు (synonyms), వ్యతిరేక పదాలు (antonyms) and సామెతలు (proverbs). This lesson introduces each.

సంధులు (Sandhi: joining of sounds)

  • Sandhi means the change that happens when two words join. Telugu has Sanskrit sandhis and native Telugu sandhis.
  • సవర్ణదీర్ఘ సంధి: similar vowels join to form a long vowel. Example: విద్య + అర్థి = విద్యార్థి.
  • గుణ సంధి: అ + ఇ becomes ఏ. Example: మహా + ఇంద్రుడు = మహేంద్రుడు.
  • వృద్ధి సంధి: అ + ఏ becomes ఐ. Example: ఏక + ఏక = ఏకైక.
  • యణాదేశ సంధి: ఇ before a different vowel becomes య. Example: అతి + అంతం = అత్యంతం.
  • ఉత్వ సంధి is a common Telugu sandhi: the final ఉ of the first word drops before a vowel. Example: రాముడు + అతడు = రాముడతడు.

సమాసాలు (Samasa: compound words)

  • A samasa is a compound formed by joining two or more words into one.
  • ద్వంద్వ సమాసం: both words are equally important. Example: రామలక్ష్మణులు (Rama and Lakshmana).
  • ద్విగు సమాసం: the first word is a number. Example: ముల్లోకాలు (the three worlds).
  • బహువ్రీహి సమాసం: the compound points to some other person or thing. Example: చక్రపాణి (one who holds the discus in his hand, that is, Vishnu).
  • తత్పురుష and కర్మధారయ are other common types. Example of కర్మధారయ: నల్లకలువ (black lily), where the first word describes the second.

Words: synonyms, antonyms and proverbs

  • పర్యాయపదాలు (synonyms): సూర్యుడు = భానుడు, రవి, దినకరుడు. చంద్రుడు = శశి, ఇందుడు, సోముడు.
  • More synonyms: నీరు = జలం, ఉదకం. భూమి = ధరణి, పుడమి.
  • వ్యతిరేక పదాలు (antonyms): ధర్మం x అధర్మం, సుఖం x దుఃఖం, జయం x అపజయం.
  • సామెతలు (proverbs) and జాతీయాలు (idioms) are asked for meaning. Learn common ones from your school Telugu textbooks.
  • నానార్థాలు are words with many meanings; ప్రకృతి-వికృతి are Sanskrit words and their Telugu forms.
Quick facts
సంధి
Joining of sounds
సవర్ణదీర్ఘ సంధి
విద్య + అర్థి = విద్యార్థి
గుణ సంధి
మహా + ఇంద్రుడు = మహేంద్రుడు
ద్వంద్వ సమాసం
రామలక్ష్మణులు
ద్విగు సమాసం
ముల్లోకాలు (number first)
బహువ్రీహి సమాసం
చక్రపాణి (refers to someone else)
పర్యాయపదాలు
Synonyms, e.g., సూర్యుడు = రవి

💡 For sandhi questions, first look at the joining point (the last letter of word one and the first letter of word two). That point alone usually tells you the sandhi type.

📝 5-question quiz on this lesson: enrol free to take it and track your score.

2. Telugu Literature Facts and Language Strategy

Telugu literature questions appear in both GK and language sections. The Jnanpith Award winners in Telugu are asked often. This lesson also gives a strategy for language questions.

Telugu Jnanpith Award winners

  • Viswanatha Satyanarayana (విశ్వనాథ సత్యనారాయణ) was the first Telugu writer to win the Jnanpith Award (1970), for 'Ramayana Kalpavrukshamu' (రామాయణ కల్పవృక్షము).
  • C. Narayana Reddy (సి. నారాయణరెడ్డి), known as 'CiNaRe', won the Jnanpith in 1988 for 'Viswambhara' (విశ్వంభర).
  • Ravuri Bharadwaja (రావూరి భరద్వాజ) won the Jnanpith for 2012, best known for the novel 'Paakudu Raallu' (పాకుడురాళ్ళు) about the film world.
  • So three Telugu writers have received the Jnanpith Award: 1970, 1988 and 2012.

More literature facts

  • Telugu was declared a classical language by the Government of India in 2008.
  • The Ashtadiggajas (అష్టదిగ్గజాలు) were the eight poets in Krishnadevaraya's court. Allasani Peddana was the chief among them; Tenali Ramakrishna was also one of them.
  • Telugu is sometimes called the 'Italian of the East' because many of its words end in vowels.
  • Vemana's verses usually end with the refrain 'Viswadabhirama Vinura Vema'.

Strategy for language questions

  • Revise the grammar chapters of Class 8 to 10 Telugu textbooks; most questions come from this level.
  • Make a list of 50 common synonyms, 50 antonyms and 30 proverbs, and revise them weekly.
  • For literature questions, learn author-work-award as a set (for example, Viswanatha, Ramayana Kalpavrukshamu, Jnanpith 1970).
  • If the exam gives a bilingual paper, read the English version when the Telugu wording is unclear, and the other way round.
Quick facts
Jnanpith 1970
Viswanatha Satyanarayana, Ramayana Kalpavrukshamu
Jnanpith 1988
C. Narayana Reddy, Viswambhara
Jnanpith 2012
Ravuri Bharadwaja, Paakudu Raallu
Classical language status
2008
అష్టదిగ్గజాలు
Eight poets of Krishnadevaraya's court
'Italian of the East'
Telugu (words end in vowels)

💡 Remember the three Telugu Jnanpith years with one line: 'Viswanatha 70, CiNaRe 88, Ravuri 2012'.

📝 5-question quiz on this lesson: enrol free to take it and track your score.

Other modules in APPSC & Andhra Pradesh Govt Exam Prep

Enrol free to access all lessons

Create your account in 30 seconds and start immediately.